Bezuglov V., Gogmachadze G.

Mineral fertilizers and properties of soil

Negative influence on properties of soil of long-term application of mineral fertilizers is shown: humus content decreases and its quality deteriorates at the expense of parity change between humic and fulvoacids. Fertility of soil and direction of the various chemical and biological transformations occurring in it, in many respects depend on acidity of environment. Ammoniac saltpeter, potassium chloride and other fertilizers promote acidation of a soil solution, change an orientation of these processes and negatively influence on plants. Negative action of regular application of fertilizers on plants, besides acidation of a soil solution, is determined also by increase in mobility of compounds of aluminium, manganese and iron at which number and specific composition of microorganisms change. Mineral fertilizers are the basic pollution source of soils with heavy metals and toxic elements: copper, nickel, cadmium, zinc, lead and other elements are contained in them. Human beings and agricultural animals using the agricultural products polluted by heavy metals and toxicants as food get various diseases. At use of mineral fertilizers it is necessary to consider all these circumstances and to amend adequate corrections.

Keywords: MINERAL FERTILIZERS, HUMUS, pH VALUES, HEAVY METALS, LIMING, AGREGATE STRUCTURE, PRODUCTIVITY