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2016, N 1 (23) |
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ECOLOGY |
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Sunyaev N., Vasenev I., Badarch B., Sunaeva O. |
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Agroecological assessment of biological activity of sandy loam sod-podzoluvisols in case of Jerusalem artichoke permanent cultivation and long-term application of different fertilizers |
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The biological activity of representative for Kaluga region arable sandy loam sod-podzoluvisols has been investigated in case of Jerusalem artichoke permanent cultivation and long-term application of comparable doses of mineral, organic fertilizers and non-traditional organic-mineral ones in form of the original and dehydrated municipal sewage sludge (OMSS and DMSS) from Kaluga station. There is a significant increase in values of the biological activity integral parameters of arable horizon in all versions of fertilizers application with maximum in case of organic and organic-mineral fertilizers: up to 70% in total number of aerobic microorganisms, +90% in total number of facultative anaerobes, +160% in the intensity of soil respiration and multiple in catalase and urease activity – relative to the control values. Sustainable in the season increasing in the biological activity of the originally biologically poor sandy-loam sod-podzoluvisols is accompanied by the qualitative increase in Jerusalem artichoke biological productivity and, especially, its tubers yield up to +106% (85 t/ha) with standard doses of DMSS (in dry-mass 10 t/ha 1 time in 3 years), which does not result in agrogenic pollution of the investigated soils and in the development of their phytotoxicity. Conclusions based on 13-years agroecological research in case of poor arable sod-podzoluvisols allow to recommend for them the system application of standard doses of dehydrated municipal sewage sludge without the risk of heavy-metals contamination and with essential enhancement of soil biological activity. The increased relevance of these conclusions is determined by the actual in the most regions of Russia sharp deficit of manure as traditional organic fertilizers and by the environmental needs for safe and profitable recycling of the annually growing volumes of municipal sewage sludge.
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