2018,    N 2 (32)    

PLANT GROWING

Yushkevich L., Pakhotina I., Chibis V.

Influence of predecessors and cultivation technology on yield and grain quality of spring wheat in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The effectiveness and influence of various tillage systems, integrated application of agricultural chemicals and repeated sowing on the yields and processing properties of spring soft wheat grain were studied in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region in a stationary experiment of the Resource-Saving Technology Laboratory of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture in meadow chernozem soils in the 2005-2016 timeframe. The study was carried out in a one and two-factor experiment: on the study of the alternation of crops in rotations of more than five rotations, tillage system – boardless, combined, and minimum-zero tillage (factor A); chemicals – control without chemicals, herbicides + fertilizers + fungicides + retardants (factor B). The crop rotation included alternating cereal crops and fallow field: bare fallow – wheat – wheat – wheat – barley. It has been found that lower intensity and shallower depth of tillage leads to lesser accumulation of nitrate nitrogen by 28-30% at long-term use of minimum tillage systems, and the percentage of weed component without application of chemicals increases 1.9 times. At the same time, plant affection by root rot increases as the crop is further from bare fallow, and from boardless to minimum tillage. Repeated sowing of spring wheat to the third wheat after bare fallow and lower intensity of tillage from combined to minimum-zero, depending on the forecrop, leads to decreased in crop productivity by 33.4% and 5.3...19.2%, respectively. It was found that the grain-unit, thousand-kernel weight and grain vitreousness differed insignificantly in tillage variants, however regular decrease of protein and gluten content in grain was observed in minimum tillage variant. As the crop moves from the bare fallow, gluten content in the grain decreases by an average of 3.3% in repeated spring wheat sowings. It is noteworthy that integrated application of agricultural chemicals leads to increased yield of spring wheat grain by 0.66...1.89 t / ha and improves grain quality. Significant increase of grain protein and gluten content by 6.8...10.5% was observed even after non-fallow forecrops.

Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, BASIC TILLAGE TECHNIQUES, INTEGRATED CHEMICALS, CROP ROTATION, FORECROP, YIELD, GRAIN QUALITY