|
2018, N 3 (33) |
|
PLANT GROWING
|
|
Krasnoperov A., Buyankin N., Chekster N. |
|
|
Hydromorphism of cespitose and podzolic soil of mixed crops of different sowing dates |
|
|
It was established that in soil aggregates of various sizes (1-2 mm, 2-3 mm, 3-5 mm, 5-10 mm, more than 10 mm), the quantity of ammonifying agents and carbon immobilizers was larger in fine fractions. In fine fractions, the total biogenicity of the soil increased to 207-58 million / g, and the respiration rate of the soil increased to 42-27 CO2 mg / kg. The size of soil aggregates determines the amount and composition of soil microorganisms developing in them.
It was revealed that under the influence of sideral and environment-forming crops in summer and mixed crops, due to the abundance of plant residues in the soil, an active transformation of humic substances.
In crop rotations 3 and 4 decrease in a labile humus of a share of humic acid up to 38-39% and increase of a share less valuable to plants fulvic acids up to 61-62% was observed.
Extent of humification of organic matter in the studied crop rotations corresponded to 82, 78, 61 and 64%.
It is established that the phytomass of siderat, making active a bacteriemic soil microflora, rose phungistasis, reduced infectious potential and protected plants from defeat by phytopathogens. As a result the incidence of root decay of a winter wheat decreased to 15%, summer barley up to 20%. The productivity of crops in crop rotations reached 199,6 – 42,7 – 35,25 – 34,4 centners/hectare.
Regulating a structural condition of the cespitose and podsolic soil, it is possible to influence quantity of the soil microorganisms defining intensity of the soil and biological processes happening in the soil and, as a result of it, its fertility.
Keywords: CESPITOSE AND PODSOLIC SOIL, SIZES OF SOIL UNITS, MICROBIAL CENOSIS, ENVIRONMENT-FORMING AND SIDERAL CULTURES, CROP ROTATION, SPRING AND SUMMER MIXED CROPS |