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2018, N 4 (34) |
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ECOLOGY
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Doronin V., Ledovskiy E., Pakhotina I., Krivocheeva S. |
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Effect of spring wheat protection against leaf-stem deseases on the yield of grain and its quality in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia |
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In recent years, especially in humid conditions favorable for the region, the loss of the grain yield of spring wheat from fungal leaf-stems infections - brown leaf rust, powdery mildew, etc., has increased significantly, reaching 25-30% or more of the gross grain harvest. The purpose of research conducted in 2014-2016 - improvement of measures to protect spring wheat from harmful leaf-stem diseases in the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. The main tasks were: to monitor the phytosanitary situation, to determine the biological effectiveness of the modern fungicides and plant growth regulators in the spring soft wheat variety of the medium-early ripening ecotype, to study the effect of different preparations on yield and grain quality. Research carried out in the short-term multivariate field experiments. Area plots in experiments was 25 m2, fourfold repetition, variants were placed randomly. The plant protection product efficiency was compared with the control variant without pesticides.
The use of chemical fungicides on crops of the spring wheat variety Omskaya 36 of the medium-early ripening ecotype has ensured a sufficiently high level of biological effectiveness against leaf-stem diseases. With a high level of brown rust development (2015 and 2016), the best performance indicators were observed in the preparations Abakus Ultra, Zantara, Rakurs and the tank mix Rex C + Vitaplan - from 86.3 to 100%. With a high level of brown rust development (2015 and 2016), the preparations Abakus Ultra, Zantara, Rakurs and the tank mix "Reks C + Vitaplan" showed the highest efficiency - from 86.3 to 100%.
The average yield increase as a result of spring wheat treatmtnt with chemical fungicides was from 0.9 t / ha (Impact 500) to 1.69 t / ha (Abacus Ultra), or 45 ... 84.5% to the control.
Fungicidal treatment had a significant effect on the grain quality, especially in years with a predominance of rust infections. The mass of 1000 grains in 2015 and 2016 the maximum increased, respectively, by 16.3 and 14.2 g, and the protein content - by 1.25-2.17%.
The received results testified to high efficiency of modern system fungicides against a complex of leaf-stem diseases on the spring wheat in the conditions of the region.
Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, PLANT DISEASES, FUNGICIDES, GROWTH REGULATOR, BIOPREPARATE, EFFICIENCY, GRAIN QUALITY |