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2018, N 4 (34) |
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SELECTION AND SEED-GROWING
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Kedrova L., Utkina E. |
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Adaptive grade Rushnik for stable maintenance of grain production of rye high quality |
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Winter rye variety Rushnik having complex of economy-valuable biological traits is created in the North-East breeding centre as a result of long-term breeding activity (1994-2011). It is created by method of the repeated directed selection from a variety Falenskaya 4 on improvement of baking properties on level of trait "falling number". In 2008 the variety was registered in the State Registry of breeding achievements for introduction in farms of the Volga-Vyatka and Middle-Volga regions of the Russian Federation. The problem of the conducted researches included studying of adaptive potential and formation of baking properties of a variety Rushnik in different conditions of growth, to improve the main methods of its cultivation taking into account the changing climate. Peculiar conditions of northern agriculture and a variability of soil fertility promoted creation of a variety with broad reaction of growth fitness. Contrast hydrothermal conditions within years of carried experiences (2001-2017) gave the chance to estimate comprehensively the studied variety. The average productivity was 5.0 t/ha. In the Volga-Vyatka region of the Russian Federation, more than 70% of soils are podsolic and sod-podsolic low-fertile soils with the increased acidity and the content of mobile aluminum ions. For assessment of aluminum- and acid-resistance the unique natural provocative background was used with the content of Al3+ ions – 25.5-26.7 mg / 100 of soil, mobile phosphorus - 72-108 mg/kg; exchange potassium - 78-100 mg/kg of soil; pH of a salt extract – 3.66-3.78. The variety Rushnik is one of the most tolerant to edaphic stress; its productivity significantly exceeded or was at the level of the Falenskaya 4 standard, widespread in the territory of Russia (2.20-2.76 t/ha). It is established that according to requirements of the international and domestic standards, the variety belongs to the first class of quality (falling number is higher than 200 sec) and is a variety-improver for flour from grain with less valuable properties. Variety Rushnik does not conceded on falling number (252 c) to a winter rye variety Alfa (250 sec) - domestic standard on grain quality - in unstable climatic conditions of the North-East region (2009-2011). For realization of productive potential of the variety, the technology of its cultivation was modernized. Optimum sowing data for the variety Rushnik in the conditions of the Kirov region is August, 25-30, that is 5-10 days later than earlier accepted period; the addition harvest was 0.33 t/ha in compare to control. To keep the size and quality of a production, harvesting should be carried out within five days after approach of full grain maturity.
Keywords: WINTER RYE, VARIETY, YIELD, FALLING NUMBER, ADAPTABILITY, WINTER HARDINESS, RESISTANCE TO DISEASES, ACIDITY OF THE SOIL, TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION |