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2019, N 1 (35) |
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SELECTION AND SEED-GROWING
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Petrov L. |
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Results of the adaptation of varieties and variety samples of winter wheat in the condition of the Vоlga-Vyatka region |
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The results of a three-year agroecological test of a collection of varieties and varieties samples of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin on light gray forest soils of the Nizhny Novgorod region are presented. It was found that the yield of the studied varieties and variety samples was in the range from 5,39 t / ha (the average in standard variety Moskovskaya 39) to 6,41 and 6,88 t/ha (variety Nemchinovskaya 57 and variety samples KS-202). These varieties, as well as Nemchinovskaya 17, KP 597, KS 31 had a yield significantly higher than the standard variety, respectively, 1,02;0,96; 1,49;0,93; 1,0 t/ha or 18,9; 27,6; 17,2; 18,5%. It is revealed that the formation of the crop is significantly influenced by weather conditions, especially during the germination, overwintering, formation and loading of grain. It is noted that the differences of the studied varieties by the main elements of the crop structure, such as the number of spikelets in the ear, the number of grains in the ear, the mass of grain from the ear, are statistically proved. Maximum number of spikelets per spike were detected in varieties Nemchinovskaya 17, Nemchinovskaya 57, Moscow 39 – of 15,8 and 15,7 PCs High grain content of ears (33,6; 32,9; 32,8 pieces) has different varieties and cultivars Nemchinovskaya 57, КS 202, Moskovskaya 40, which exceeded the variety Moskovskaya 39 11,1; 9,3; 8,6 per cent. The highest grain weight of spike was observed in varieties Nemchinovskaya 17, Nemchinovskaya the 57, КS 202 is 1,85 and 1,82 g in whom she had more control of 15,6 and 13,8%. The grain quality indicators of the studied varieties varied as follows: the protein content varied from 15,5% in the Memory variety Fedin to 19,5% in the variety Moskovskaya 40. In the standard variety, this figure was 17,3%. According to the content of gluten, as well as protein, only the Moskovskaya 40 variety with the content of the required ingredients, respectively, 36,1 and 19,5%, was reliably distinguished. The calculation of the biological yield showed the high potential of the studied experience types - 10,30 T/ha from Nemchinovskaya 17; of 10,13 t/ha at Nemchinovskaya 57; of 10,16 t/ha at Moskovskaya 56; 9,83 t/ha for accessions KS 202 that is above standard grade of 2,03; 1,86; 1,89; 1,56 t/ha or 24,5; 22,5; 22,8 ; 18,9 per cent. Significant resistance to the winter survival, leaf disease and diseases vyprevaniya manifested in most varieties mentioned above - Nemchinovskaya 17; Nemchinovskaya 57; Moskovskaya 56; Moskovskaya 40. In General, according to the main economic and valuable characteristics (yield, protein and gluten content, resistance to certain diseases), the varieties of winter wheat Nemchinovskaya 57, Nemchinovskaya 17, the variety sample KS - 202 were distinguished.
Keywords: WINTER WHEAT, VARIETIES, YIELD, CROP STRUCTURE, PROTEIN, GLUTEN, PLANT DISEASES |