2019,    N 2 (36)    

GENERAL AGRICULTURE, PLANT GROWING

Denezhkin D., Prudnikova E., Konoshina S.

Investigation of the mineral and organic component of oilseed oilcake crops of the Orel region

Both in the Russian Federation, and in the Orel region in particular, the following types of oilseeds are most widely cultivated: sunflower, rapeseed, flax, redberry, and colza. The main products obtained from oilseeds are plant oils used in the food industry, in technology and medicine. After receiving the butter products, technological production waste (cake) retain a large supply of mineral and organic compounds that can be used as forage for farm animals. The studies were conducted in 2017-2018 on gray forest soils of the Orel region. The purpose of the study is to study the chemical (including amino acid) composition of sunflower, rapeseed, rape, spring rape, flax. During the analysis, it was found that a higher dry matter content in the rape cake (95.7 g per 100 g of sample). The crude protein content is higher in rapeseed (37.0 g), and the maximum amount of fat in the rapeseed (19.68 g per 100 g of sample). The highest content of crude fiber is found in sunflower oil cake (16.5 g / 100 g of the sample), lower - in the rapeseed and flax oil cake (6.33 and 5.69 g / 100 g). In terms of biological value, a higher content of 2-amino-3-imido-zolyl propanoic (His), 2-amino-4-methyl-thiobutane (Met), 2-amino-5-guanidyl-pentane (Arg), 2-amino -3-phenyl-propane (phen), 2-amino-3-hydroxy-propane (sulfur) acids, sunflower cake is different. In flax meal, the largest amount of 2,6-diamino-hexanoic (Lys), 2-amino-3-methyl-butane (Val) acids; in colophony –aminoethane (Gly), 2-pyrrolidine-carboxylic (Pro) acids; in rapeseed, 2-amino-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (Tyr). The content of calcium and phosphorus is higher in rapeseed meal. Iron, zinc, manganese is the highest in flaxseed, and copper - in sunflower. Oilseed oilcakes have a different content of biologically active substances, which must be taken into account when preparing rations for various types of farm animals.

Keywords: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CAKE, SUNFLOWER, SUREPIC, FLAX, RAPESEED