2019,    N 3 (37)    

BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Grishina E.A., Nacheva L.V.

The role of immunoglobulins in the development of immunity in helminthiasis

The purpose of this survey study was determining the role of antibodies in all stages of immunogenesis in helminthiasis for the correct selection of further priority research areas of modern parasitologists on regulation of immune mechanisms and improving the effectiveness of antiparasitic immunity. Results and discussion. The most effective mechanisms "confrontation" to host immunity by helminths are: delay of the phagocytic reaction by the parasite’s secretion, as well as the regulation of the phased development of different classes of immunoglobulins. As it turned out, protection in helminthiasis involves antibodies, related to all five classes of immunoglobulins, but the most important role belongs to IgG, IgM, IgE, which qualitative and quantitative amount depends on the type and stage of helminths. It was established that humoral antibodies belonging to the class IgG, and IgM, have a protective effect and can damage the body of helminths, form precipitates around their pin holes that violate the normal course of physiological processes of the parasite, bind enzymes secreted by them. In the early acute stages of helminthiasis there’re found elevated levels of total serum immunoglobulin IgE and IgG4, which production is regulated by IL-4. These immunoglobulins and primarily IgE are an important physiological regulator of immunological homeostasis. Hyperproduction IgG4 in helminthiasis reduces sensitizing action of IgE, determines the persistence of invasion and susceptibility of the host to re-invasion [1,2,3]. IgE class antibodies also activate mast cells and induce the release of mediators which can act directly on the parasite or can lead to the accumulation of the required antibody (IgG) and cells that directly affect the parasite by increasing vascular permeability and eosinophilic chemotactic factor secretion. Complete mechanism of the protective effect of antibodies remains insufficiently clear. It turned out that they can affect on infectious agent only indirectly by activating the complement system, by stimulating adhesive activity and / or cytotoxicity of effector cells, enhancing phagocytosis, adsorbing on the surface of macrophages and increasing their affinity to the antigen, etc.

Keywords: IMMUNITY, HELMINTH INFECTIONS, ANTIBODIES