2020,    № 3 (41)    

TECHNOLOGIES AND FARM MECHANIZATION MEANS




Mokrikov G.V., Kazeev K.Sh., Minnikova T.V., Kolesnikov S.I.

Features of application of direct seeding in agrocenoses of the Rostov region

Under conditions of the south of Russia in the area of unstable moistening, it becomes necessary to use resource-saving tillage technologies to increase the profitability of growing agricultural basic crops. On the chernozems of the Rostov region, a study was conducted of the effect of long-term use of the direct sowing technology (No-Till) in comparison with the traditional tillage. A comparison of motor fuel consumption, the influence of the types of coulters of the seeders for direct seeding and the yield of agricultural crops were made. It is shown that the technology of direct seeding leads to a reduction in diesel fuel consumption by almost 3 times than with the traditional technology of cultivation of winter crops. The use of a seeding complex with an anchor coulter as compared to a pneumatic seed drill allows for the start of sowing early spring crops 7–10 days earlier. The physical condition of the soil during direct seeding contributes to the preservation of moisture and increase the yield of field crops. While saving fuel and lubricants and minimal soil compaction, the efficiency of using the direct sowing technology has been proved, which is 21% compared to traditional tillage for winter wheat; for sunflower - 27%

Keywords:DIRECT SEEDING, RESOURCE SAVING, FERTILITY, MOISTURE CONSERVATION, PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY