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2020, № 4 (42) |
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BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
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Gorbunov Y.N., Kryuchkova V.A., Evtiukhova A.V. |
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Prospect for growing of lavandula angustifolia mill in central Russia |
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Experiments on the introduction of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. at the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin of RAS (MBG of RAS) started from the 80s of the last century. Initially, more than 70 samples were included in the experimental work, seeds of which at different times were obtained from scientific research institutions, both from our country and from abroad. The climate of Moscow is characterized by warm summers, moderately cold winters, by stable snow cover and is generally favorable for lavender culture. L. angustifolia is grown at the MBG of RAS on a well-cultivated, soddy weakly podzolic, fertile soils. During a multi-year introduction experiment, a wide adaptive potential of L. angustifolia was identified. Plants of this species under the conditions of Moscow undergo a full cycle of development, normally bloom and bear fruit. As a result of the selection work, forms characterized by high winter hardiness, productivity of inflorescences (0.74 ... 0.92 kg/m2) and productivity of essential oil (1.17 ... 1.75%). were selected. The GLC method in the composition of essential oils of samples grown in Moscow conditions revealed 49 components, the main ones of which are linalool and linalyl acetate. The component composition and content of volatile compounds indicates cosmetic industry. Studies were conducted on the selection of lavender for decorative purposes, as a result of which the ornamental sort ‛Mashutovka’ was selected and registered, and another 4 selected forms are being prepared for registration. For reproduction of lavender in the conditions of the Central Russia, it is possible to recommend seed and vegetative methods of reproduction. For lavender seeds, a ripening period of the embryo is necessary. They germinate well (germination rate 89-96%) after a year of storage or after stratification at low temperature. Seeds retain high germination for at least 4 years. In the vegetative method, it is optimal to use green cuttings; the rooting rate of cuttings in various types of experiments ranged from 75: to 95.6%. The data of the conducted experimental works testify to the prospects of lavender for introduction into the culture in central Russia
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