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2020, № 4 (42) |
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ECOLOGY
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Ivanisova N.V., Kurinskaya L.V., Smirnova I.Yu., Dudchenko E.V. |
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Consequences of the process landscape anthropogenization for the soil structure of the steppe zone |
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In anthropogenic transformation of landscapes, soils are the most informative component, as they are open heterogeneous systems that are inherent in the desire for self-regulation and self-restoration. Each type of soil is characterized by its own structure, since the shape, size, and qualitative composition of structural separations in different soils can be different. Soil is considered well-structured if it contains more than 55% of aggregates with a size of 10 to 0.25 mm. Common chernozems are characterized by the content of these fractions in the range from 76.23% to 81%, which corresponds to good and excellent agronomic properties of soils. Research has established the relationship between the percentage of the most valuable aggregates to the degree of anthropogenization of the landscape. Urbolandscapes and agroland scapes have recently experienced the greatest rate of anthropogenic transformation. In the former, this is manifested in an increase in the area and density of development, in the latter in changes in the land use system, the introduction of continuous crop rotation technology, and the use of new land cultivation technologies. In the soil profile of industrial and roadside, there is a tendency to reduce the size of soil fractions, that is, soils become dustier, the structure of soils changes, they become more susceptible to erosion and deflation. There is no change in the aggregate state of soils on the territory of park landscapes, they remain in an "excellent" aggregate state, where the ratio of mesoaggregates is optimal for the growth of plant communities, even in the condition of the steppe
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