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2021, № 1 (43) |
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SOIL SCIENCE
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Khomyakov D., Gogmachadze G. |
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Soil in the biosphere and in modern Russian law. Communication 4. Soil resources in the agro-industrial complex of the country |
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One of the goals of national development can be the preservation of Russian soils and their ecological functions, and a unified plan for achieving these goals must necessarily include programs for implementing measures to ensure the expanded reproduction of soil fertility used in agricultural production.
It is necessary to amend Federal Law No. 101-FZ of 16.07.1998 "On State Regulation of ensuring the fertility of agricultural land" in terms of defining the concepts of soil, soil fertility, rational use of soils and agrochemicals.
The system of state monitoring of agricultural land should be complete, have information about the past and current state of soil fertility and the necessary measures for its reproduction.
Sustainable development involves "climate-neutral" agriculture, which necessarily ensures the reproduction of soil fertility (preferably expanded); maximum use of organic matter resources, including animal waste (or rather secondary resources); there is no reduction in humus reserves in arable soils (decarbonization); their degradation, including all types of erosion, is completely excluded; uncontrolled circulation and entry of carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen-containing compounds into the environment is not allowed.
"Green agrochemistry" is the inadmissibility of uncontrolled entry of chemical elements and substances into the environment, reducing the number of stages of the full cycle of obtaining marketable products, including the production of applied agrochemicals, as well as the utilization and useful use of waste and by-products of agricultural production. The latter are actively involved in the turnover, become goods, raw materials, components used, among other things, as part of the means of reproduction of soil fertility. |